Auth-Auth

This chapter details on Authentication and Authorization.

Authentication

Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user, device, or system to ensure they are who they claim to be. This typically involves presenting credentials such as usernames and passwords, biometric data, security tokens, or digital certificates. Authentication systems make a binary decision to allow or deny access based on these credentials. They often work together with authorization systems, which determine the type or level of access a user should have.

Example: When you log into your email account by entering your username and password, the system checks these credentials against its records to verify your identity.

Authentication basically refers to: 'Are you who we know?'

Authorization

Authorization is the process of determining what an authenticated user, device, or system can do. It specifies the permissions and access levels granted to the verified entity, including which resources they may access and what actions they can take.

Example: After successfully logging into your email account (authentication), authorization determines what you can do within that account, such as reading emails, sending emails, or managing account settings.

Authorization basically refers to: 'We know you. Now you can do this.'

Connection Between Authentication and Authorization

Authentication and authorization are closely connected but serve distinct functions in security:

• Sequence: Authentication always precedes authorization. First, the system verifies who you are(authentication), and then it determines what you can do (authorization).

• Dependence: Authorization depends on authentication. Without knowing the identity of the user or system, it is impossible to assign the correct permissions and access rights.

• Security: Both processes are essential for security. Authentication ensures that only legitimate users gain access, while authorization ensures that users can only access resources and perform actions they are permitted to.

Example of the Connection: When you log into your company's internal network (authentication), the network confirms your identity. Based on your role in the company, the system then grants you access to specific files, applications, and systems that you need to do your job (authorization). If you're an employee, you might have access to general resources, while a manager might have access to more sensitive information.

Authentication confirms identity, and authorization grants permission based on that identity. Both are integral to maintaining secure and efficient access control in any system.